Normy

Obsah

ČSN EN 16602-30-02 This Standard is part of a series of ECSS Standards belonging to the ECSS-Q-ST-30 "Space product assurance - Dependability". This Standard defines the principles and requirements to be adhered to with regard to failure modes, effects (and criticality) analysis (FMEA/FMECA) implementations in all elements of space projects in order to meet the mission performance requirements as well as the dependability and safety objectives, taking into account the environmental conditions. This Standard defines requirements and procedures for performing a FMEA/FMECA. This Standard applies to all elements of space projects where FMEA/FMECA is part of the dependability programme. Complex integrated circuits, including Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and software are analysed using the functional approach. Software reactions to hardware failures are addressed by the Hardware-Software Interaction Analysis (HSIA). Human errors are addressed in the process FMECA. Human errors may also be considered in the performance of a functional FMEA/FMECA. The extent of the effort and the sophistication of the approach used in the FMEA/FMECA depend upon the requirements of a specific programme and should be tailored on a case by case basis. The approach is determined in accordance with the priorities and ranking afforded to the functions of a design (including operations) by risk analyses performed in accordance with ECSS-M-ST-80, beginning during the conceptual phase and repeated throughout the programme. Areas of greater risk, in accordance with the programme risk policy, should be selectively targeted for detailed analysis. This is addressed in the RAMS and risk management plans. This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constrains of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.

Obsah

ČSN EN 16602-60-05 The procurement requirements for hermetic hybrid microcircuits for use in space projects are defined in this Standard. This Standard also provides details concerning the documentation requirements and the procedures relevant to obtain approval for the use of hybrid microcircuits in the fabrication of space systems and associated equipment. The provisions of this Standard apply to all participants in the production of space systems, at all levels and are applicable to manned and unmanned spacecraft, launchers, satellites, payloads, experiments, and their corresponding organizations. This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constraints of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.

Obsah

ČSN EN 16603-50-05 This Standard defines the radio communication techniques used for the transfer of information between spacecraft and Earth stations in both directions, and for the tracking systems used for orbit determination. It includes the following: o frequency allocation, assignment and use; o requirements on transmitted signals concerning, for example, spectral occupation, RF power levels, protection of other radio services; o definition of the permissible modulation methods and parameters; o specification of the major technical requirements relevant for the interface between spacecraft and Earth stations; o operational aspects, such as acquisition; o cross-support. This Standard is applicable to all spacecraft supported by Earth stations1 and to all controlled Earth stations operating in the Space Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration-Satellite services as defined in the ITU Radio Regulations.2 1 This Standard is not applicable to spacecraft supported by data relay satellites. 2 Under the term Earth Exploration-Satellite service, the Meteorological Satellite service is also included. Other space telecommunication services are not covered in this issue. All requirements in this Standard are equally applicable to both the customer and the supplier with exception of clauses 4.3.1 and 4.3.2 which are applicable to the customer only. Further provisions and guidance on the application of this Standard can be found, respectively, in ECSS-E-ST-50 "Communications", and in the handbook ECSS-E-HB-50A "Communications guidelines". ECSS-E-ST-50 defines the principle characteristics of communication protocols and related services for all communication layers relevant for space communication (physical- to application-layer), and their basic relationship to each other. The handbook ECSS-E-HB-50 provides information on specific implementation characteristics of these protocols in order to support the choice of a certain communications profile for the specific requirements of a space mission. Users of the present standard are invited to consult these documents before taking decisions on the implementation of the present one. This Standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.

Obsah

ČSN EN 16603-50-14 This standard specifies a common set of spacecraft onboard electrical interfaces for sensor acquisition and actuator control. The interfaces specified in this standard are the traditional point-to-point interfaces that are commonly used on modern spacecraft. The interfaces specified in this standard include analogue and discrete digital interfaces used for status measurement and control, as well as point-to-point serial digital interfaces used for digital data acquisition and commanding of devices. This standard specifies: o interface signal identification; o interface signal waveforms; o signal timing requirements; o signal modulation; o voltage levels; o input and output impedance; o overvoltage protection requirements; o bit ordering in digital data words; o cabling requirements where appropriate. This standard does not cover: o connector requirements; o digital data word semantics; o message or block formats and semantics. Connector requirements are not covered because these are normally mission or project specific. The goal of this standard is to establish a single set of definitions for these interfaces and to promote generic implementations that can be re-used throughout different missions. When referred, the present standard is applicable as a complement of the already existing interface standards ANSI/TIA/EIA-422B-1994 and ITU-T Recommendation V.11 (Previously "CCITT Recommendation") - (03/93). Guidance for tailoring of the present standard can be found in Annex A. This Standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.

Obsah

ČSN EN 16603-35-10 ECSS-E-ST-35-10 belongs to the propulsion field of the mechanical discipline, as defined in ECSS-S-ST-00, and concerns itself with compatibility testing of propulsion components, sub-systems and systems. Compatibility encompasses the interaction of two or more materials, solids (e.g. structural materials), liquids (e.g. propellants, simulation and cleaning liquids) or gases (e.g. air, pressurants). In case the interaction has the effect that the properties of the materials change, there is the possibility of a compatibility issue. The standard: o identifies materials used in propulsion for which incompatibility can create problems, o identifies the time scale at which problems can occur. It makes a difference whether a system is only stored or operational for a short period and is to function only during launch (time scale measured in months) and systems that have a long life in orbit (time scale measured in years), o identifies the liquid propulsion components, subsystems and systems to be subject to compatibility testing, o identifies, specifies and defines the tests, test conditions and compatibility test procedures to ensure that representative compatibility testing can take place, and o establishes the test requirements. The standard is applicable to the design and the qualification of liquid propulsion components, sub-systems and systems and can be applied to their development; it also applies to COTS items procured for the propulsion system. From the tests described in this standard the effects of interactions of space propulsion materials and fluids on the components, subsystems and systems can be established. In this way it can be assured that the component, subsystem or system satisfies the requirements. This standard is limited to tests on component-, subsystem- and system-level. Only for those cases where new materials, substances or conditions are involved for which there is no experience or data available, the performance of screening tests is specified. This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constrains of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.

Obsah

ČSN EN 608461 Tato část souboru norem platí pro Měřiče a/nebo monitory (příkonu) pro měření prostorového a/nebo směrového dávkového ekvivalentu záření beta, X a gama jak je doporučeno v ICRU, Zpráva 47. Tato část souboru norem platí pouze pro přenosné měřiče a monitory, které jsou určeny pro použití jak na pracovišti, tak i ve venkovním prostředí. Používá se pro zařízení, která měří prostorový nebo směrový dávkový ekvivalent externího beta a/nebo X a gama záření v rozsahu dávky mezi 0,01 Sv a 10 Sv a rozsahu dávky mezi 0,01 Sv h-1 a 10 Sv h-1.

Obsah

ČSN EN 61243-3 ed. 3 Tato část IEC 61243 platí pro ruční dvoupólové zkoušečky napětí s jejich příslušenstvím (krokodýlové svorky a odpojitelné vedení) určené pro kontakt s částmi elektrických soustav: - s AC napětím nepřevyšujícím jmenovité napětí 1 000 V s jmenovitými kmitočty od 16 2/3 Hz do 500 Hz a/nebo - DC do 1 500 V. POZNÁMKA: AC napětí v této normě je buď sdružené nebo fázové napětí. Prodloužení vodivých elektrod není v této normě zahrnuto. Zkoušečky napětí podle této normy jsou určeny k používání za sucha i vlhka ve vnitřním i venkovním prostředí. Nejsou určeny pro používání za deště. Zkoušečky napětí podle této normy nejsou určeny pro trvalý provoz. Zkoušečky napětí podle této normy jsou určeny k používání pro nadmořské výšky do 2 000 m. Tato norma obsahuje také opatření pro doplňkové funkce (viz příloha B): indikace fáze; indikace točivého pole; kontrola spojení. Jiné doplňující funkce nejsou předmětem této normy. Zkoušečky napětí podle této normy nejsou považovány za měřicí přístroje. Požadavky na měřicí přístroje jsou předepsány v souboru IEC 61010.

Obsah

ČSN EN 61481-1 Tato část IEC 61481 se vztahuje na přenosné fázovací soupravy kapacitního typu, které mají být použity v elektrických soustavách pro střídavé napětí vyšší než 1 kV a kmitočty 50 Hz a/nebo 60 Hz. Tato norma se vztahuje na: - Jednopólové fázovací soupravy kapacitního typu pracující s paměťovým systémem až do AC 36 kV; - Dvoupólové fázovací soupravy kapacitního typu pracující s bezdrátovým připojením až do AC 245 kV. Tato norma je použitelná pro fázovací soupravy kapacitního typu používané v kontaktu s holými vodivými částmi k porovnání: - jako kompletní zařízení včetně izolační části nebo - jako samostatné zařízení, které se připevní na izolační tyč a na kterou se jako na samostatný nástroj nevztahuje tato norma. POZNÁMKA: Některé díly, jako jsou dotyková elektroda nebo izolační část fázovací soupravy jako kompletní zařízení mohou být rozebrány. Některá omezení jejich používání platí v případě průmyslově smontovaného rozváděče a pro venkovní elektrická drážní zařízení (viz příloha A). Zařízení, které je navrženo k provádění jiných funkcí, než porovnávání fází jsou rozdílná zařízení a nejsou předmětem této normy. Například zařízení navržené k používání jako zkoušečka napětí není předmětem této normy (viz příloha A). Výrobky navržené a vyrobené podle této normy přispívají k bezpečnosti uživatelů za předpokladu, že jsou využívány osobami vyškolenými pro práci v souladu s pracovní metodou pod napětím na vzdálenost a návodu k používání. Pokud není stanoveno jinak, všechna napětí definovaná v této normě se týkají sdruženého napětí třífázových soustav. Pro určení provozního napětí v jiných soustavách, by mělo být použito sdružené napětí nebo fázové napětí.

Obsah

ČSN EN 50636-2-107 Tato evropská norma stanovuje bezpečnostní požadavky a jejich ověření pro návrh a konstrukci robotických bateriových rotačních sekaček trávy a jejich přídavných zařízení, které mají baterie o jmenovitém napětí ne převyšujícím 75 V DC, které se dobíjí z elektrické sítě a/nebo alternativního zdroje energie, např. solární energie.

Obsah

ČSN EN ISO 10439-3 This part of ISO 10439 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors, and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. This part of ISO 10439 specifies integrally geared centrifugal compressors in conjunction with ISO 10439 1. NOTE 1: See API 672 for packaged plant instrument air compressors. NOTE 2: Expander stages are sometimes provided on these machines.

Obsah

ČSN EN 12547 This European Standard applies to centrifuges for the separation or change in concentration of mixtures of liquids and solids. It gives requirements to minimize the risks caused by the significant hazards arising during the operation of centrifuges as specified in 1.2. This European Standard gives requirements for minimizing the risks caused by the following hazards: - mechanical hazards common to all types of centrifuges, except those specified in 1.3; - ergonomical hazards; - thermal hazards; - electrical hazards; - noise. Types of centrifuges and hazards excluded Types of centrifuges excluded: - centrifuges with a kinetic energy of rotation less than 200 J; - centrifuges for household use; - centrifuges for laboratory use according to EN 61010 2 020; - centrifuges for forming, i.e. centrifugal hot metal casting machines. Hazards excluded This European Standard does not deal explicitly with the hazards listed below. NOTE 1: In cases, where such hazards might occur and could become relevant for the construction of the centrifuge, use specific standards for this hazard or make a risk assessment. - hazards caused by overpressure or negative pressure inside the centrifuge housing; - hazards specific to processing radioactive products; - hazards specific to microbiological processing - including viral and parasitic hazards; - hazards from processing corrosive and/or erosive materials; - hazards from processes involving flammable or explosive substances; - hazards caused by leakage of hazardous substances; - hazards caused by unsuitable hygienic design for applications involving food products; - inherent chemical hazards of process materials and/or service media and their biological effects on exposed persons; NOTE 2: Inherently hazardous substances include toxic, carcinogenic and flammable substances for example. Other substances may be hazardous because of their condition in the centrifuge, i.e. temperature, velocity and vapour pressure. - hazards due to construction materials; Materials used in the construction of centrifuges should not be hazardous in the condition in which they are used. - centrifuges subject to application specific standards (e.g. EN 12505). NOTE 3: The design of centrifuges covered by EN 12547 varies to the extent that additional hazards may exist that are not covered by the requirements of this standard and is not excluded above. The manufacturer is responsible for providing suitable measures to deal with these hazards as part of a general risk assessment for the machine. Such measures are outside the scope of this standard and the direct responsibility of the manufacturer. This European Standard gives guidance on the selection of performance levels according to EN ISO 13849 1:2008, but does not identify performance levels for specific applications. This European Standard is not applicable to centrifuges which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN.

Obsah

ČSN ETSI EN 301 502 V12.1.1 The present document applies to the following radio equipment type: GSM base stations (P-GSM 900, E-GSM 900, R-GSM 900, ER-GSM 900, DCS 1 800, GSM 450, GSM 480) The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC [i.2] (R&TTE Directive), Article 3.2, which states that "... radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference". In regards to interference to systems operating in adjacent bands guidance for single carrier BTS and multicarrier BTS is provided in ECC Report 146 [i.4]. In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements under other parts of article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [i.2] may apply to equipment within the scope of the present document.